Kei te nui ake te whakawhitiwhiti i te hanganga pūoro ki ngā pūtē kiwahi kore-whakaara, hei tautoko i ngā ture RoHS (Te Whakarite i ngā Hua Whatu Mate) me te hīkoi i ngā ture taiao o te ao. He tinana nui ngā pūtē kiwahi kore-whakaara i ngā hua rerekē pērā i te pewhenua, te kanakana, me te karapa. E pai ana enei hua ki te whai i te whakapae mō ngā hononga matatika tino kaha me te whakamātau i te āhua hiko e hokinga nei. I te tuhinga a Allied Market Research, kei te whiwhi i te maru kotahi tau whaiaro 3.6% i roto i ngā tau 2024 ki te 2032 te kuhu mai o te kāwanatanga kore-whakaara, i te take o ngā ture taiao tino herehere i waenganui o te Uropi me Te Rāwhiti. Ki te whakaaetanga i ngā momo kore-whakaara, ka whakaiti haere ngā hangaenga i te āhuatanga o te whenua, ahakoa ko te whakapae nui a ngā kaiwhakamahi he mea nui te pūoro taiao.
Nā runga i ngā pūtētē turea whakamua, e whai ake nei ngā pūtake turea e āheinga ana i te hāpai i te poraka o te tin-lead alloy, he mea nui tēnei i roto i te ao o te hanganga rorohiko. Ko tēnei whakarite, ko te wehenga 63% tin ki te 37% lead, kua noho nui mai i mua inā he iti ake ngā paetūnga here kē, e āhei ana ki te pai ake i ngā āhuatanga kīwaha me ngā mahi turea tuatahi kei te whakanui. Ki runga i ngā whakahauaro taiao mo te lead, e hiahia ana ētahi atu hanga iwi kia whakamahi i ngā whakaritenga lead i runga i ēnei matapae haere, pērā i roto i ngā whenua motokā me ngā hāpori rangi. Heoi, ko ngā whakatupuranga ture, e kitea ana i roto i te Whaea Motu o te Tiriti, ka whakamahia hei whakangungu i te whakamahi i te turea me te lead. Ki te whakatūria ngā whakaritenga ture, ka hiahia te whenua ki te huri atu ki ngā whakaritenga kore-lead, ahakoa ka noho tonu te turea lead hei whakamahi mo ēnei take kotahi, nā tōna āhuatanga waihanga nui.
Nā ngā pūtē tin-lead hōnore ā-tinana, pērā i te whakaaetanga o Sn45Pb55, he mea tino mōhio ki ngā horopaki haere me te pai rawa i te whakahaere i ngā mahi hanga rorohiko. Ko te whakapae tuatahi e pa ana ki 45% tin me 55% lead, ka tuku he pūngao tino pai mo ngā tono e hiahiatia ana ngā āhuatanga waimārewa tika. He mea tino whakamahi ngā rorohiko matua ā-wā mo te whakamahi i te whakaaetanga o Sn45Pb55, nā tērā tōna take ki te tiakina i ngā hononga tino pai, tino tumanako i roto i ngā wāhi e āniwaniwa ana ngā paheko ā-wera. Nā ngā kaiwhakaawe mea, pēnei i a Indium Corporation, i whakaae ki te whakarite pai o te whakaaetanga o Sn45Pb55 ki ngā whenua e hiahiatia ana ngā āhuatanga waimārewa, whakamana i tōna tūranga i roto i te ao o ngā whakaritenga hōnore tino whakamahere. E whai ake nei te whakaaetanga i tōna pai rawa i roto i ngā wāhi e hiahiatia ana te whanaketanga tino pai o te wera, pērā i te whakahaere rorohiko i runga i ngā poraka rorohiko me ngā rorohiko whakamahi ki te rangi, whakaatu i tōna pai i roto i ngā whakamahi matua.
Ko te whakahē ki te whakatupu he taumata nui mo ngā pūtaihanga, inā kē i te wā e whakamahi ana i a rātou i roto i ngā āhuatanga wera roa. Me taea e ngā pūtaihanga pai te whakarite i te pānga o te wera hei tiaki i te roa o ngā huataki me te whakaū i te hoko whiuwhiu o ngā momo whiuwhiu. Kua kitea e ngā rautaki katoa ka whai painga te whakamahere i ngā momo matāpuke me ngā tohua, pēnei i te whakamahere i ngā fluxes me ngā porowhita ā-wahanga kē. Ka kitea anō i ngā raraunga pūtaiao ka mawehe i te āhititanga o te whakatupu i te whakauru i ētahi atu momo, pēnei i te niho me te ingoa, hei whakatika i te whakahaere i te whakahaere i ngā tūmomo whiuwhiu. Ki te kore e whai wātea nei i te whakatupu, ka puta ngā take, pēnei i te whakarereke me te hapa i ngā whiuwhiu whiuwhiu, whakaū i te hiahia ki te whakamahere i ngā momo pūtaihanga tuwhera i te hanga.
Te whakawhānuitanga i waenganui o te wherowhero ā-waehu me te hiranga o te kawe pūngao he mea nui i roto i ngā rorohiko, ki whea ko te tango pūngao e pa ana i te hīnga o te whakahaere. Nā ngā totohu kawe i te pūngao nui e āwhina i te pai o te kawe pūngao, hei tiaki i ngā mōhiotanga. Nā ngā whakarereke i ngā taupori herehere hoki e whakaaro i ngā momo whakamahi; hei tauira, ko ngā totohu me te taupori herehere iti i whakanuia tonu i ngā whakatū wāwara, nā te pai rawa ake me te wāhanga whakamahi. Ko ngā raraunga e whai ana i ngā āhuatanga pūngao e tākawa nei, ko ngā totohu i runga i te huinga matua e pai rawa ana i te hiranga o te kawe, ka whiwhi te pai mō ngā whakamahi hiranga nui. Mēnā ka whiriwhiria te rite totohu pai, ka puta te nui o te hiranga me te roa o ngā rorohiko.
Ko te flux he mahi nui i te whakapā kia tūpato te hononga i waenganui i ngā pūtōki whakapā me ngā papa tuhura. Kētia ai te flux pai ki te whiriwhiringa, he huarahi noa iho hei whakaiti i ngā maimoatanga, ā, hei whai wāhi i ngā huihuinga rorohiko pai pai. He rite nui ngā momo flux, mai i ngā rosin-tūtonu ki ngā wai-āhua, e homai ana i ngā āhuatanga rīma rerekē e whakarite ana i ngā tūtohu mō ēnei momo whakamahi. Hei tauira, ko te solder rosin core e whakamana ana i ngā āhuatanga pai o te hono, ka whakanuia i roto i ngā momo whakapā turetu. Ki te tiakina te whakaaetanga flux, ka taea e ngā whatunga rorohiko te whai hua pai i te hono, me te whakapai i ngā mahi whakapā hoki i te whakahaere.
Ka taea e koe te tirohia ētahi atu o ngā pūtake me ngā painga o te solder rosin core i roto i ngā whakamahi, inā kē ka haere atu ki te Te whakaranu o te pūāhua o te raima .
Ko te whakapā ki te wāhi he mōhio tino pai i roto i te whanga o te hanga rorohiko, e ētahi atu ana he hanga pūnaha matatoki (PCB). Kei tēnei tautanga e hīkina ana i ngā tohu tinana nui atu i te wehe i ngā hononga rorohiko tino kaha me te whakaāwhina. Ko te noho tino pai tuatahitanga o te whakapā ki te wāhi he tioriori rawa i te maha o ngā hononga i tae ki te wehe i tētahi wā, koia enei he tino haere me te pai mo te hanga i ngā pūnaha matatoki (PCBs). Nō mua tonu, kei te whakamahia te whakapā ki te wāhi mo ngā hanga pūnaha matatoki e whai ana i te whakauru i runga i te pūnaha me te whakapā mai i raro. Ko ngā take hanga rorohiko tino pai hei whakapā ki te wāhi ko ngā tirotiro, ngā kapakita, me ngā tūhura. Ki te whakarerekētia te whenua, ka whiwhi iwi i te manaaki i ngā whakawhanangatanga, pērā i te whakapā ki te wāhi tango, e tango ana i ngā wāhi tino mōhihi. Ko tēnei whakarerekētanga he tohu i te tūmomo i mua nei, kei reira te whakapā ki te wāhi ka whakamaherehia anō i te tahuri me te pai.
Kei roto i te ao o te hanga kaiwhakarite motokā, e whai take nui ana ngā pūtē hākari i te whakamana me te whai wawe i ngā mahinga o ngā horahanga. E hia ake nei ngā tuhinga kaiwhakarite e hiahia ana kia taea te whakarite i ngā wea iti, te pīrere, me ngā āhuatanga mate moeao nui kei roto i ngā motokā. E whai pūmanawa ana ngā pūtē hākari ki te whakapakari me te whakamutu i ngā raru hei whakamahi i te mōhiohanga matua o ngā kaiwhakarite. Nō reira, ngā momo kaiwhakarite motokā e hia ake nei e ai ki ngā hononga hākari he kaiwhakarite wea, kaiwhakarite pāpori, me ngā kaiwhakaatu haerenga. Nō te mea ka whai take nui te tirohanga i te hanga i ngā hononga katoa e taea ana kia mau i ngā tono nui o te taiao motokā. Ka tipu te kāwanatanga o ngā kaiwhakarite motokā i te wā e heke nei, i waenganui i ngā hiranga hou i ngā hākinakina motokā. Ki te whai ake te tono, ka whai ake hoki te hiahia i ngā rauemi hākari hou e whai wawe ana i te whakapakari me te whakamana.
Kei te whai kaha ngā whakatika rorohiko i ngā tūtohi hēkara hei whakatika i ngā hononga hē me te whakahoki i te mahi. Nō te mea, ko ngā whakapae nui e pā ana ki ngā hono hē rānei, ki ngā mīhini herehere rānei, he hiahia ki te tūtohi hēkara tata ki te whakaora i ngā hononga me te whakapuaki i te roa o te whakamahinga o ngā tūtohi. Ki runga i ngā tohunga, kei te hiahia ki te whiriwhiria ngā atu hoki e pai ai ki ngā rauemi kua noho mai nei, ā, ki te wānanga hoki i te wā ka taea te whakamahi. Hei tauira, kei te nui te whiwhi ake i ngā tūtohi hēkara rōsina, nā te mea kei roto i aua tūtohi hēkara te flux, e waihanga ana i te mahi ki te whanake i ngā tūranga me te whakarite i ngā tūranga mō te honunga. Ko te huringa whakatere i enei wā, ko te hokinga ki te whakatikatika rorohiko e āhei ana ngā tangata katoa ki te whakatika i a rātou āhua i raro i tō rātou kāinga. No reira, i whakawhanakea ai te paerewa o ngā tūtohi hēkara, me te whakaae mai i ngā kaihanga kia whai mana ā-tangata, ā-tangata hoki.
Ko te tinana matua o te kaiwhakarato taonga ki te whakarite i ngā ture RoHS, ko te rākau pūoro nui a-Zhengxi e hāngai ana ki ngā mahi whakapuaki i roto i ngā rorohiko, mā te pai rawa o tana āhua whakamutunga me te haere pai i roto i ngā wāhi wehe. He whaiaro anō ia i ngā tūranga e hiahiatia nei ngā mahi wehe wera me te haere pai noa iho i te taiao. I whakaaetia e te tohu ISO9001, ā, i whakamātau atu kia tutuki ai ngā ture RoHS, ka whakaaturia te rākau inoi nei i ana whanaketanga me te pūmau. Ko te wehewehe wera he mihi nui, e tirotiro ana ki te pai i roto i ngā wāhi whakamaimoa. Kua whakahoki ētahi whakamahi i te pai me te paku whakawātea i roto i ō rātou mahi whakapuaki, e whakaatu ana i tana hononga nui ki te whakamahinga pai me te roa o te whenua.
Hei whakamārama, ka tuku a Zhengxi Metal i ngā rākau hāpai āmiohanga me te pūoro ki ngā rākau e hangaia ana i tetahi whakaeke tin-lead matua hei whakarite i ngā āhuatanga kuhuawe mōhio. Noho ai ngā rākau nei ki ngā mahi e hiahiatia ana te tino wānanga me te tino haere, pēnei i ngā pūtahi matatika me ngā māngai. E pai ana ngā rākau lead i ngā taiao e hiahiatia ana te tino wāhanga o te whakamahi me ngā ara tahuta whai noa iho. Ki te kore e taea ana ngā take ōna, ko te mea nui kei a Zhengxi he rongoā kuhuawe kauwhata, e āwhina ana ki te iti i ngā pūtake rite me te whakapai i te wāhanga i roto i te pūoro āmiohanga. Ko tēnei tuhipoka e whakaatu ana i te hiahia o te tohu ki te whakapai tonu i ana whakawhitinga i runga i ngā whakahoki ā-motu me ngā whirinaki matatika.
Kei te hanga ngā tōrunga toiora Sn45Pb55 a Zhengxi i te whare puhinga ki te tuku i te whakapono me te mahi pai, ā, inā kē i ngā taiao huringa nui. Ko te whakamahere pai o te tinana Sn45Pb55 he whakangungu rorohiko pai rawa atu me te haumanu wera, e hiahiatia ana hei tirotiro i ngā hiahia o ngā mahi whakauru o nāianei. Ki runga i ngā toiora ke ki te kāwanatanga, ka noho pai ēnei tōrunga ki te whakatūwhera āhuatanga me te roa tonu, ko tērā i kitea ai e ngā tohunga. Ka whakaaro pai ngā whakarite i enei tōrunga mō te mahi pai tonu, e whakaatu ana i ngā paerewa tuatahi e whakahaere ana i a ia i ōna take.
Te whakahaere i te werohanga he mea nui i te hangi moehei i nga mokowāhine pērā i ngā huataki waipōro rānei, he mea ka matea e rātau te tūponotanga o ngā kōmihana. Ki ia huihui whakamoe, he wāhi matua hei whiwhi i ngā pūmau pai rawa. Hei tauira, he mea nui te werohanga nui mō ngā huihui korepara pērā i ngā huihui para motuhake. He whakaaro a ngā tohunga kia whakaritea te tuhituhi i waenganui i te werohanga whakamoe me ngā āhuatanga kīwai, inahea ka tiakina te hangi whakamoe ki te kore e matea i ngā kōmihana whakahirahira. Nā te rangahau i whakaputa, ko te whakamahi i ngā tūtohi werohanga pai rawa he take nui ki te whiwhi i ngā huataki tūpato me ngā huataki koremate, e whakaū ana i te nui o te hiahia ki te whakamahi i ngā rautaki hangi whakamoe matatau me ngā kāwao werohanga pai.
Te whakaako i ngā pūtango tāwhiti me ngā rere āhuarangi flux ki te whakapai i te hīnaki me te pai o ngā huataki tāwhiti, tuku mai ana i te wāhi e whiwhi ai i te waiaro me te itinga o te take kai. He mea whakaritea ngā rere āhuarangi flux, ko ō rātou āhuatanga fluxing ināianei, hei whakawhiti i te mahi tāwhiti me te whakapai i te mahi wetting, e hēngia nei i ngā huataki nui ake. I te whiriwhiri i ngā hanganga e pai ana, he tino hiahia kia tiromataro ai ka taea te whakamātau i ngā pūtango tāwhiti me ngā flux core i waenganui i ō rātou āhuatanga kuhu, kia kitea te take o ngā hononga kore whakarite. Nā ngā whakahaerenga hou i roto i te whanonga flux core, pēnei i ngā whakahaere hōnore rosin core matua, ka whakahaukia tonu i te whakamahi me te paanga o ēnei momo tāwhiti, whakatūria ai i a rātou hei kaiwhakaawe i ngā tikanga tāwhiti pai.
Ko te whakamātau kuaea he whakamahi nui i te tirotiro iho i ngā hononga kuaea ki ngā paerewa o te whenua. He rite nui ngā momo whakamātau e whakamahi ana hei tirotiro i ngā hononga kuaea, inahea ko ngā whakatirotiro ā-mata, ko ngā whakaahua x-ray, me ngā momo whakamātau matihiko. Ko ngā whakatirotiro ā-mata e awhina ana ki te tautuhi i ngā maimoatanga ki waho, nō reira ko ngā whakaahua x-ray e whai wāhitanga ana i roto i ngā tuhinga o ngā hononga, whakaatu i ngā hapa kūare e taea ana te whakapae i te whanaungatanga. Ko ngā rangahau whakamātau matihiko e whakangungu ana i ngā mahi mōhio e kore e kitea nei e te kanohi tangata. I te mōhio o te whenua, ka whakaiti ngā whakamātau whaihua i ngā rārangi hapa, whakaatu i tō rātou nui i te hanga i ngā paerewa pai me te iti rawa i ngā rārangi hapa i roto i ngā huihuinga matihiko.
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